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Home front during World War II. INF3- 1. 60 Fighting Fit in the Factory. Artist: A. R. Thomson. The home front covers the activities of the civilians in a nation at war. World War II was a total war; homeland production became even more invaluable to both the Allied and Axis powers. Life on the home front during World War II was a significant part of the war effort for all participants and had a major impact on the outcome of the war. Governments became involved with new issues such as rationing, manpower allocation, home defense, evacuation in the face of air raids, and response to occupation by an enemy power.

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The morale and psychology of the people responded to leadership and propaganda. Typically women were mobilized to an unprecedented degree. All of the powers involved had learned from their experiences good and bad on the home front during World War I. Their success in mobilizing economic output was a major factor in supporting combat operations. Among morale- boosting activities that also benefited combat efforts, the home front engaged in a variety of scrap drives for materials crucial to the war effort such as metal, rubber, and rags.

Overview[edit]. Salvage – Help put the lid on Hitler by saving your old metal and paper. The major powers devoted 5.

GDP to munitions production. The Allies produced about three times as much in munitions as the Axis powers. Munitions Production in World War II(Expenditures in billions of dollars, US 1. Country/Alliance. Year. 19. 35- 9 ave. Total 1. 93. 9–4. U. S. A. 0. 3. 1.

1. Kings Royal Rifle Corps in the Great War, The Wartime Memories Project.
2. Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) in the Second World War, The Wartime Memories Project.
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6. Brief tales and anecdotes of cats involved with land and air forces during wartime.
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Britain. 0. 5. 3. U. S. S. R1. 6. 5. Allies Total. 2. 4. Germany. 2. 4. 6. Japan. 0. 4. 1. 0.

Axis Total. 2. 8. Source: Goldsmith data in Harrison (1. Real Value Consumer Spending. Country. Year. 19. Japan. 10. 01. 07.

Germany. 10. 01. 08. USA1. 00. 96. 10. Source: Jerome B Cohen, Japan's Economy in War and Reconstruction (1. The Allies called themselves the "United Nations" (even before that organization formed in 1. Atlantic Charter of 1. The Charter stated the ideal goals of the war: no territorial aggrandizement; no territorial changes made against the wishes of the people; restoration of self- government to those deprived of it; free access to raw materials; reduction of trade restrictions; global cooperation to secure better economic and social conditions for all; freedom from fear and want; freedom of the seas; and abandonment of the use of force, as well as the disarmament of aggressor nations. Belgium[edit]The sudden German invasion of neutral Belgium in May 1.

Belgian army; King Leopold obtained an armistice that involved direct German military administration. The King refused the demand of the government that he flee with them to Britain; he remained as a puppet ruler under German control. The Belgian bureaucracy remained in place and generally cooperated with the German rulers. Two pro- German movements, the Flemish National Union comprising Flemish (Dutch- speaking ) separatists and the Walloon (French- speaking ) Rexists led by Léon Degrelle (1. German army.[1] Small but active resistance movements, largely Communist, provided intelligence to the Allies. During the Holocaust in Belgium, the Nazis hunted down the 7. Jews living in Belgium, most of them refugees, and killed 2.

The Germans expected to exploit Belgium's industrial resources to support their war machine. Their policies created severe shortages for the Belgian people, but shipped out far less than Germany had expected. They set up the "Armaments Inspection Board" in 1. Board came under the control of the German Minister of Armaments, Albert Speer in 1. However, factory production fell sharply after 1.

Although collaboration with the Nazis, especially among the Flemish, was evident in 1. Labor strikes and systematic sabotage slowed production, as did the emigration of workers to rural areas, Allied bombing, food shortages, and worker resentment to forced labor.[3]The Allies retook all of Belgium in September 1. Germans retreated. They reappeared briefly during the hard fighting of the Battle of the Bulge in December 1. January 1. 94. 5. The London‐based government‐in‐exile returned, but had to confront the resistance movements that demanded radical political change.[4]China suffered the second highest number of casualties of the entire war. Civilians in the occupied territories had to endure many large- scale massacres, including that in Nanking.

In a few areas, Japanese forces also unleashed newly developed biological weapons on Chinese civilians leading to an estimated 2. Tens of thousands died when Nationalist troops broke the levees of the Yangtze to stop the Japanese advance after the loss of the Chinese capital, Nanjing. Millions more Chinese died because of famine during the war. Japan captured major coastal cities like Shanghai early in the war; cutting the rest of China off from its chief sources of finance and industry. Millions of Chinese moved to remote regions to avoid invasion. Cities like Kunming ballooned with new arrivals.

Entire factories and universities were often taken along so the society could still function. Japan replied with hundreds of air raids on the new capital of Chongqing. Watch Virgin Territory Online Freeform. Although China received much aid from the United States, China did not have sufficient infrastructure to properly arm or even feed its military forces, let alone its civilians.

China was divided into three zones, with the Nationalists in the southwest and the Communists led by Mao Zedong (Mao) in control of much of the northwest. Coastal areas were occupied by the Japanese and civilians were treated harshly; young men were drafted into a puppet Chinese army. After the stunningly quick victory in June 1.

France was knocked out of the war and part of it, with its capital in Vichy, became an informal ally of the Germans. A powerful Resistance movement sprang up, as the Germans fortified the coast against an Allied invasion and occupied the northern half of the country.[6] The Germans captured 2,0. French soldiers, and kept them in prisoner of war camps inside Germany for the duration of the war, using them as hostages to guarantee French cooperation. The Vichy French government, cooperated closely with the Germans, sending food, machinery and workers to Germany. Several hundred thousand Frenchmen and women were forced to work in German factories, or volunteered to do so, as the French economy itself deteriorated. Nevertheless, there was a strong Resistance movement, with fierce anti- resistance activities carried out by the Nazis and the French police. Most Jews were rounded up by the Vichy police and handed over to the Germans, who sent them to death camps.[7][8]War wives[edit]The two million French soldiers held as POWs and forced laborers in Germany throughout the war were not at risk of death in combat, but the anxieties of separation for their 8.

The government provided a modest allowance, but one in ten became prostitutes to support their families.[9] Meanwhile, the Vichy regime promoted a highly traditional model of female roles.[1. After the war, France gave women the vote and additional legal and political rights, although nothing on the scale of the enfranchisement that followed World War I. Watch The Birdcage Online The Birdcage Full Movie Online. Food shortages of the home front[edit]Women suffered shortages of all varieties of consumer goods and the absence of the men in POW camps.[1. The rationing system was stringent and badly mismanaged, leading to pronounced malnourishment, black markets and hostility to state management of the food supply. The Germans seized about 2.