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Email from South African Citizen, August 27, 2013: Dear Dr Stanton and Genocide Watch Interns I see you are posting regular updates on South Africa again.

Mediagazer presents the day's must-read media news on a single page. On this part of our website you can browse channels by country of origin. There are over 1500 channels from 147 countries. So if you want to watch TV online for free. Source gives area of metropolitan France as 551,500 km2 (212,900 sq mi) and lists overseas regions separately, whose areas sum to 89,179 km 2 (34,432 sq mi). The unconventional love story of an aspiring actress, her determined driver, and their boss, eccentric billionaire Howard Hughes.

Minitel - Wikipedia. The Minitel was a Videotexonline service accessible through telephone lines, and is considered one of the world's most successful pre- World Wide Web online services. The service was rolled out experimentally in 1. Brittany and throughout France in 1. PTT (Postes, Télégraphes et Téléphones; divided since 1. France Télécom and La Poste).[1] From its early days, users could make online purchases, make train reservations, check stock prices, search the telephone directory, have a mail box, and chat in a similar way to that now made possible by the Internet. In February 2. 00.

France Telecom indicated the Minitel network still had 1. France Telecom retired the service on 3. June 2. 01. 2.[1][2][3]The name Minitel is abbreviated from the French title of Médium interactif par numérisation d'information téléphonique (Interactive medium through digitizing of telephone information). Business model[edit]. Alcatel Minitel terminal with non- AZERTY keyboard. In 1. 97. 8 France Télécom, the country's PTT, began designing the Minitel network. By distributing terminals that could access a nationwide electronic directory of telephone and address information, it hoped to increase use of the country's 2.

Millions of terminals were lent for free to telephone subscribers, resulting in a high penetration rate among businesses and the public. In exchange for the terminal, the possessors of Minitel would not be given free "white page" printed directories (alphabetical list of residents and firms), but only the yellow pages (classified commercial listings, with advertisements); the white pages were accessible for free on Minitel, and they could be searched by a reasonably intelligent search engine; much faster than flipping through a paper directory.[citation needed]A trial with 1,5.

Ille- et- Vilaine in May 1. The service became available in metropolitan Paris in December 1. By early 1. 98. 6 1. Minitel, with plans to distribute another million by the end of the year. To reduce opposition from newspapers worried about competition from an electronic network, they were allowed to establish the first consumer services on Minitel. Libération offered 2.

Summer Olympics in Los Angeles that occurred overnight in France.[4] France Télécom estimates that almost 9 million terminals—including web- enabled personal computers (Windows, Mac OS, and Linux)—had access to the network at the end of 1. Developed by 1. 0,0. Minitel allowed access to various categories of services: The development of Minitel spawned the creation of many start- up companies in a manner similar to the later dot- com bubble of Internet- related companies. Similarly, many of those small companies floundered because of an overcrowded market or bad business practices (lack of infrastructure for online retailers). The messageries roses ("pink messages", adult chat services hosted by operators pretending to be receptive women[6]) and other pornographic sites were also criticized for their possible use by under- age children. The government chose not to enact coercive measures, however, stating that the regulation of the online activities of children was up to parents, not the government.

The government did however enact a tax on pornographic online services. Finances[edit]Payment methods.

Credit card for purchases. Telephone bill for surfing time: rates depend on the sites visited. France Télécom charged Minitel users at rates of up to €1 a minute on their monthly telephone bill. The rates depended on the service called; most services were far cheaper than this maximum. It then paid back part of the sum to the companies operating Minitel servers.

In 1. 98. 5 France Télécom earned 6. Garfield`S Pet Force Full Movie Online Free there. Minitel. 2,0. 00 private companies earned 2. Libération earned 2. September.[4] In the late 1. Minitel connections were stable at 1. Internet use. In 1.

Minitel generated €8. France Télécom to service providers. Minitel sales in the late 1. La Redoute and 3 Suisses, France's biggest mail order companies. In 2. 00. 5, the most popular Minitel application was Teleroute, the online real- time freight exchange, which accounted for nearly 8% of Minitel usage. In December 1. 98. Minitel users made more than 2.

In 2. 00. 5, there were 3. There were still six million terminals owned by France Télécom, which had been left with their users in order to avoid recycling problems. The main uses were banking and financial services, which benefit from Minitel's security features, and access to professional databases. France Télécom mentions, as an example of usage, that 1. Minitel.[7]In 2. 00.

In 2. 01. 0, €3. 0 million in revenues with 8. Phonebook[edit]. The Saint Malo "Annuaire Electronique" in July 1. The most popular service of the Minitel was the "Annuaire Electronique"; in 1. It was accessible through the phone number 1.

October 1. 99. 6 (new French numbering system adopted), the access to the phone directory changed to 3. Companies could add up to 3 lines of complementary information and a "prehistoric" website.

Ads to the Minitel phone directory were sold by ODA (Office d'Annonces), today Pages Jaunes Groupe in Sèvres France. In 1. 99. 1, the "Minitel Website" for the Paris Sony Stores contained already over 1. Today the 3. 61. 1 Minitel Directory is widely replaced by the online white or yellow pages, available through the websites Pagesjaunes. Annuairepagesblanches. Groupe Pages Jaunes SA) or in English Yellowpages.

Whitepages. fr (Groupe Phonebook of the World). On 1. 1 February 2. France Télécom and Pages. Jaunes announced that they were to cancel plans to end the Minitel service in March 2. Its directory assistance service was still being accessed over a million times a month.[9] This was before France Télécom retired the service on 3. June 2. 01. 2, on account of operational cost and fewer customers due to lack of interest. Technology[edit]Minitel used terminals consisting of a text- basedscreen, keyboard and modem.

Simple graphics could be displayed using a set of predefined graphical characters. Aftermarket printers were available.[1. Minitel used the existing Transpac network for commercial users; its popularity caused problems for its existing commercial users. After a severe disruption in June 1. France Télécom divided business and Minitel traffic.[4] When connecting, the Minitel integrated modem generally dialed a special number connecting to a PAVI (Point d'Accès VIdéotexte, "videotext access point"). The PAVI transmitted information to the servers of the appropriate company or administration using Transpac.

In France the most common dial number was "3. Minitel services names were often prefixed with this number to identify them as such. Billboard ads at the time often consisted of nothing more than an image, a company name, and a "3.

Minitel service was being advertised was then clear by implication. Minitel used a half- duplex asymmetric data transmission via its modem. It downlinked at 1. This allowed fast downloads, for the time. The system, which came to be known as "1. V. 2. 3. This system had been developed for general- purpose data communications, but was most commonly used for Minitel and equivalent services around the world.

Technically, Minitel refers to the terminals, while the network is known as Teletel. Minitel terminals use the AZERTY keyboard most commonly used in France (as opposed to the QWERTY keyboard more common in the English- speaking world). Minitel and the Internet[edit]The extent to which Minitel enhanced or hindered the development of the Internet in France is widely debated. On the one hand, it included more than a thousand services, some of which predicted common applications on the modern Internet.[3] For example, in 1. French university students coordinated a national strike using Minitel, demonstrating an early use of digital communication devices for participatory technopolitical ends.[1. Alternatively, the French government's attachment to the natively developed Minitel may have slowed the adoption of the Internet in France; there were still 8.