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Posttraumatic stress disorder - Wikipedia. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)[note 1] is a mental disorder that can develop after a person is exposed to a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, warfare, traffic collisions, or other threats on a person's life.[1] Symptoms may include disturbing thoughts, feelings, or dreams related to the events, mental or physical distress to trauma- related cues, attempts to avoid trauma- related cues, alterations in how a person thinks and feels, and an increase in the fight- or- flight response.[1] These symptoms last for more than a month after the event.[1] Young children are less likely to show distress but instead may express their memories through play.[1] A person with PTSD is at a higher risk for suicide and intentional self- harm.[2]Most people who have experienced a traumatic event will not develop PTSD.[2] People who experience interpersonal trauma (for example rape or child abuse) are more likely to develop PTSD, as compared to people who experience non- assault based trauma such as accidents and natural disasters.[5] About half of people develop PTSD following rape.[2] Children are less likely than adults to develop PTSD after trauma, especially if they are under ten years of age.[6] Diagnosis is based on the presence of specific symptoms following a traumatic event.[2]Prevention may be possible when therapy is targeted at those with early symptoms but is not effective when carried out among all people following trauma.[2] The main treatments for people with PTSD are counselling and medication.[3] A number of different types of therapy may be useful.[7] This may occur one- on- one or in a group.[3]Antidepressants of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor type are the first- line medications for PTSD and result in benefit in about half of people.[4] These benefits are less than those seen with therapy.[2] It is unclear if using medications and therapy together has greater benefit.[2][8] Other medications do not have enough evidence to support their use and in the case of benzodiazepines may worsen outcomes.[9][1. In the United States about 3. PTSD in a given year, and 9% of people develop it at some point in their life.[1] In much of the rest of the world, rates during a given year are between 0. Higher rates may occur in regions of armed conflict.[2] It is more common in women than men.[3] Symptoms of trauma- related mental disorders have been documented since at least the time of the ancient Greeks.[1. During the World Wars study increased and it was known under various terms including "shell shock" and "combat neurosis".[1. The term "posttraumatic stress disorder" came into use in the 1.

U. S. military veterans of the Vietnam War.[1. It was officially recognized by the American Psychiatric Association in 1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM- III).[1. Classification. Reading a quotation from a Marine describing the painting on the wall and what it means to them. PTSD was classified as an anxiety disorder in the DSM- IV, but has since been reclassified as a "trauma- and stressor- related disorder" in the DSM- 5. The characteristic symptoms are not present before exposure to the traumatic event.

In the typical case, the individual with PTSD persistently avoids trauma- related thoughts and emotions, and discussion of the traumatic event, and may even have amnesia of the event. However, the event is commonly relived by the individual through intrusive, recurrent recollections, flashbacks, and nightmares.[1. While it is common to have symptoms after any traumatic event, these must persist to a sufficient degree (i.

PTSD (clinically significant dysfunction or distress for less than one month after the trauma may be acute stress disorder).[1][1. Risk factors. Persons considered at risk include, for example, combat military personnel, victims of natural disasters, concentration camp survivors, and victims of violent crime. Individuals frequently experience "survivor's guilt" for remaining alive while others died. Causes of the symptoms of PTSD are the experiencing or witnessing of a stressor event involving death, serious injury or such threat to the self or others in a situation in which the individual felt intense fear, horror, or powerlessness.[2. Persons employed in occupations that expose them to violence (such as soldiers) or disasters (such as emergency service workers) are also at risk.[2. Other occupations that are at higher risk, including police officers, firefighters, ambulance personnel, health care professionals, train drivers, divers, journalists, and sailors, in addition to people who work at banks, post offices or in stores.[2.

The size of the hippocampus is inversely related to post- traumatic stress disorder and treatment success; the smaller the hippocampus, the higher risk of PTSD.[2. Trauma. PTSD is believed to be caused by the experience of a wide range of traumatic events and, in particular if the trauma is extreme, can occur in persons with no predisposing conditions.[2. Most people will experience at least one traumatizing event in their lifetime.[2. Men are more likely to experience a traumatic event, but women are more likely to experience the kind of high- impact traumatic event that can lead to PTSD, such as interpersonal violence and sexual assault.[6]Posttraumatic stress reactions have not been studied as well in children and adolescents as adults.[6] The rate of PTSD may be lower in children than adults, but in the absence of therapy, symptoms may continue for decades.[6] One estimate suggests that the proportion of children and adolescents having PTSD in a non- wartorn population in a developed country may be 1% compared to 1. The Veteran Online Putlocker. On average, 1. 6% of children exposed to a traumatic event develop PTSD, varying according to type of exposure and gender.[2. Predictor models have consistently found that childhood trauma, chronic adversity, and familial stressors increase risk for PTSD as well as risk for biological markers of risk for PTSD after a traumatic event in adulthood.[2. Experiencing bullying as a child or an adult has been correlated with the development of PTSD.[3. Watch WALL�E Streaming more.

Peritraumatic dissociation in children is a predictive indicator of the development of PTSD later in life.[3. This effect of childhood trauma, which is not well understood, may be a marker for both traumatic experiences and attachment problems.[3. Proximity to, duration of, and severity of the trauma make an impact, and interpersonal traumas cause more problems than impersonal ones.[3. Quasi- experimental studies have demonstrated a relationship between intrusive thoughts and intentional control responses such that suppression increases the frequency of unwanted intrusive thoughts. These results suggest that suppression of intrusive thoughts may be important in the development and maintenance of PTSD.[3. Abortion. While early studies on the mental health effects of abortion suggested that women who had abortions were at risk of PTSD, these studies were generally retrospective, drawn from large databases, and failed to control for confounders.[3. The Turnaway Study was the first prospective study of mental health issues in women who had abortions, and it was designed to eliminate confounding via a control group studying women who sought abortions but were refused them; the study found no greater risk of PTSD in women who had abortions compared with the control group.[3.

Breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Some women can experience PTSD from their experiences related to breast cancer and mastectomy.[3. Childbirth. PTSD can occur after childbirth and the risk increases if a woman has experienced trauma prior to the pregnancy.[4. Prevalence of PTSD following normal childbirth (that is, excluding stillbirth or major complications) is estimated to be between 2.

Symptoms of PTSD are common following childbirth, with prevalence of 2. Emergency childbirth is also associated with PTSD.[4. Domestic violence.

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