Georges Ernest Boulanger - Wikipedia. Georges Ernest Jean- Marie Boulanger (2. April 1. 83. 7 – 3. September 1. 89. 1), nicknamed Général Revanche, was a French general and politician. An enormously popular public figure during the Third Republic, he won a series of elections and was feared to be powerful enough to establish himself as dictator at the apogee of his popularity in January 1. His base of support was the working districts of Paris and other cities, plus rural traditionalist Catholics and royalists.

He promoted an aggressive nationalism, known as Revanchism, which opposed Germany and called for the defeat of the Franco- Prussian War (1. The elections of September 1. Boulangists. Changes in the electoral laws prevented Boulanger from running in multiple constituencies and the aggressive opposition of the established government, combined with Boulanger's self- imposed exile, all contributed to a rapid decline of the movement. The decline of Boulanger severely undermined the political strength of the conservative and royalist elements of French political life; they would not recover strength until the establishment of the Vichy regime in 1. The defeat of the Boulangists ushered in a period of political dominance by the Opportunist Republicans. Watch Bad Rap Online Hulu.

Academics have attributed the failure of the movement to Boulanger's own weaknesses. Despite his charisma, he lacked coolness, consistency, and decisiveness; he was a mediocre leader who lacked vision and courage. He was never able to unite the disparate elements, ranging from the far left to the far right, that formed the base of his support. He was able, however, to frighten Republicans and force them to reorganize and strengthen their solidarity in opposition to him.[2]Early life and career[edit]Born in Rennes, Boulanger graduated from Saint- Cyr and entered regular service in the French Army in 1. He fought in the Austro- Sardinian War (he was wounded at Robecchetto con Induno, where he received the Légion d'honneur), and in the occupation of Cochin China, after which he became a captain and instructor at Saint- Cyr. During the Franco- Prussian War, Georges Boulanger was noted for his bravery, and soon promoted to chef de bataillon; he was again wounded while fighting at Champigny- sur- Marne (during the Siege of Paris).

Subsequently, Boulanger was among the Third Republic military leaders who crushed the Paris Commune in April–May 1. He was wounded a third time as he led troops to the siege of the Panthéon, and was promoted commandeur of the Légion d'honneur by Patrice Mac- Mahon. However, he was soon demoted (as his position was considered provisional), and his resignation in protest was rejected. With backing from his direct superior, Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale (incidentally, one of the sons of former king. Louis- Philippe), Boulanger was made a brigadier- general in 1. War Minister. Jean- Baptiste Billot appointed him director of infantry at the war office, enabling him to make a name as a military reformer (he took measures to improve morale and efficiency). Watch The Campaign 4Shared.

In 1. 88. 4 he was appointed to command the army occupying Tunis, but was recalled owing to his differences of opinion with Pierre- Paul Cambon, the political resident. He returned to Paris, and began to take part in politics under the aegis of Georges Clemenceau and the Radicals.

In January 1. 88. Charles de Freycinet was brought into power, Clemenceau used his influence to secure Boulanger's appointment as War Minister (replacing Jean- Baptiste Campenon).[3] Clemenceau assumed Boulanger was a republican, because he was known not to attend Mass.[3] However Boulanger would soon prove himself a conservative and monarchist.[3]Minister[edit]. Portrait of General Georges Boulanger. It was in the capacity of War Minister that Boulanger gained most popularity. He introduced reforms for the benefit of soldiers (such as allowing soldiers to grow beards) and appealed to the French desire for revenge against Imperial Germany—in doing so, he came to be regarded as the man destined to serve that revenge (nicknamed Général Revanche).

He also managed to quell the major workers' strike in Decazeville. A minor scandal arose when Philippe, comte de Paris, the nominal inheritor of the French throne in the eyes of Orléanist monarchists, married his daughter Amélie to Portugal's Carlos I, in a lavish wedding that provoked fears of anti- Republican ambitions. The French Parliament hastily passed a law expelling all possible claimants to the crown from French territories. Boulanger communicated to d'Aumale his expulsion from the armed forces. He received the adulation of the public and the press after the Sino- French War, when France's victory added Tonkin to its colonial empire. He also vigorously pressed for the accelerated adoption, in 1.

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Georges Ernest Jean-Marie Boulanger (29 April 1837 – 30 September 1891), nicknamed Général Revanche, was a French general and politician. An enormously popular.

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Lebel rifle which introduced for the first time smokeless powder high- velocity ammunition. On Freycinet's defeat in December of the same year, Boulanger was retained by René Goblet at the war office. Confident of political support, the general began provoking the Germans: he ordered military facilities to be built in the border region of Belfort, forbade the export of horses to German markets, and even instigated a ban on presentations of Lohengrin. Clementine Full Movie In English.

Germany responded by calling to arms more than 7. February 1. 88. 7; after the Schnaebele incident (April 1. Boulanger was perceived by his supporters as coming out on top against Bismarck. For the Goblet government, Boulanger was an embarrassment and risk, and became engaged in a dispute with Foreign Minister Émile Flourens.

On 1. 7 May Goblet was voted out of office and replaced by Maurice Rouvier. The latter sacked Boulanger, and replaced him with Théophile Adrien Ferron (fr) on 3. May. The rise of Boulangisme[edit]. Carnival statue of Boulanger.

The government was astonished by the revelation that Boulanger had received around 1. Seine, without even being a candidate.

He was removed from the Paris region and sent to the provinces, appointed commander of the troops stationed in Clermont- Ferrand. Upon his departure on 8 July, a crowd of ten thousand took the Gare de Lyon by storm, covering his train with posters titled Il reviendra ("He will come back"), and blocking the railway, but he was smuggled out. The general decided to gather support for his own movement, an eclectic one that capitalized on the frustrations of French conservatism, advocating the three principles of Revanche (Revenge on Germany), Révision (Revision of the Constitution), Restauration (the return to monarchy). The common reference to it has become Boulangisme, a term used by its partisans and adversaries alike. Immediately, the new popular movement was backed by notable conservative figures such as Count. Arthur Dillon, Alfred Joseph Naquet, Anne de Rochechouart de Mortemart (Duchess of Uzès, who financed him with immense sums), Arthur Meyer, Paul Déroulède (and his Ligue des Patriotes).

After the political corruption scandal surrounding the President's son- in- law Daniel Wilson, who was secretly selling Légion d'honneur medals to anyone who wanted, the Republican government was brought into disrepute and Boulanger's popular appeal rose in contrast. His position became essential after President Jules Grévy was forced to resign due to the scandal: in January 1. Boulanger for the post of War Minister (France was a parliamentary republic).

The crisis was cut short by the election of Marie François Sadi Carnot and the appointment of Pierre Tirard as Prime Minister—Tirard refused to include Boulanger in his cabinet. During the period, Boulanger was in Switzerland, where he met with Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte II, technically a Bonapartist, who offered his full support to the cause. The Bonapartists had attached themselves to the general, and even the Comte de Paris encouraged his followers to support him. Once seen as a republican, Boulanger showed his true colors in the camp of the conservative monarchists. On 2. 6 March 1. 88.